Eight
months after she lost her daughter to oil spill, Annkio Kie (not real
name) is still struggling to fight off pain and sorrow. Mary was sick
for three years, after what started as mere rashes turned out to be a
severe skin disease.
Ogoni land, polluted with oil spills
“We couldn’t send her to the hospital because there was no money,” Kie says, staring at the floor in her compound.
“Since
the spill has destroyed everything we had, we were unable to go to the
general hospital. We were getting the traditional medicine even though
they never stopped referring us to the hospital.”
And so, in the
morning of March 4 2018, the daughter passed on. Nothing can be as
painful as the loss of a loved one to circumstances that can be
controlled but which you have no power over. Between the time she died
and now, hundreds of people in Goi community, Gokona local government
area of Rivers state, have been buried as well, most of whom suffered
from strange sicknesses suspected to be an after-effect of oil spill in
the area.
With frequent burials now the norm, a new day is a big
testimony and celebrating one’s birthday means as much as celebrating
additional ten years in life.
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Oil
spills in Nigeria dates back to the 1970s, and according to records,
there were about 7,000 oil spills between 1970 and 2000. The Nigerian
Oil Spill Monitor recorded some 5,296 oil spills between January 2005
and July 2014. As of 2010, Royal Dutch Shell admitted to have spilled
nearly 14,000 tons (about 100,000 barrels of oil) which was majorly
across the oil-rich Ogoni, made up of a total of 18 communities in four
local government areas.
Amnesty International estimates total oil
spill in the Ogoni to be between nine and 13 million barrels, with Shell
and ENI, the Italian multinational oil giant, admitting to more than
550 oil spills in 2014 alone.
Goi happens to be the worst hit of
the communities because it is located between two major Shell
facilities; one in Bodo west and another at Bomo oil field. While the
Bomo oil field is on the high land, the Bodo west is offshore. So, when
there is pollution from Bodo west, the spilled crude oil is carried by
the high tide into Goi creeks and farmlands. Pollution from Bomo will
also see the crude oil spill downward into Goi.
“At that point, Goi is more or less like a basin,” says Eric Dooh, Lah-Bon, the traditional ruler of Goi community.
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“In
the end, the oil wreaks havoc and nothing is left out: the lands, the
mangrove, the water bodies, the creeks. Everything is condemned.
Findings
have shown major causes of the spills are worn out oil facilities like
the pipelines as well as oil bunkering and sabotage by youth in the
village.
‘ECOLOGICAL REFUGEES’
Following the damage on the
environment, the affected communities in Ogoni land were asked to
evacuate to give room for a clean-up exercise. But there was no plan in
place for them; no shelter nor provision of adequate amenities that
would make up for wherever they were leaving behind – all the government
did was to put up a bill board to the effect of a relocation order.
“Since
the spill, there has never been any form of compensation or remediation
for Goi,” Monday Mene, a youth leader in the community, says.
“The
only thing I can say we have received from the federal government and
Shell is the sign post asking us to evacuate after declaring this place a
dead zone.
“We are now like ecological refugees. Life has been
terrible since we left; no food to eat, we have suffered from various
health challenges. This (the spill) has been depopulating us day after
day.”
Dooh recalls what life was like before the spills started.
His father was very wealthy and had employed over 50 workers across his
various business ventures including fishing and a bakery school. “But
all those things are gone now,” he says with an apparent tone of regret.
The traditional ruler had dragged Shell to The Hague over the matter in 2003 but the case has been on since then.
‘WE BURY AT LEAST TEN EVERY WEEK’
Relocating
sounds like moving to a safer zone but is it? At the time of the
spills, the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) carried out an
assessment and discovered that the water in Ogoni land had been
contaminated with “high levels” of hydrocarbons. The reality of that
discovery would begin to settle in when you learn that fishing and
farming are the major sources of livelihood for Ogoni people.
Despite
moving out of affected areas, TheCable discovered most communities in
Ogoni land are still faced with the serious environmental hazards from
the water, air and land and the resultant effect has been deaths and
more deaths.
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Doro expressed worry that no health audit was conducted among the people living in this environment.
The
burials have now become a routine on mostly Saturdays and most of those
still alive are not entirely lucky. Like Nuke Kambari, who hails from
Mogo community, a good number of them are battling with one form of
sickness or the other.
Kambari cannot exactly place what is wrong
with his body system but he says “internal heat” has forced him to
abandon clothes. And – you won’t believe – he has lost “so many people”
to the spills.
“Some [died] when the oil spilled and they were
burnt by fire. Others form sicknesses from the spill. Every weekend we
are burying our loved ones from the spill,” he says, adding:
“With the oil, I am having intense heat in my body that is why you see me like this. I have to always pull off my clothe.”
‘WE WANT OUR LIVES BACK’
Since
the deaths, those financially buoyant have moved out of Ogoni land to
Port Harcourt, the state capital, and other safe places.
Kie is
one of those still around. Despite losing her daughter, she still stays
in Bodo community, a few kilometres from Goi, not because she likes the
life there but because she simply can’t afford relocating.
“Children
can no longer go to school, they can no longer do anything. We are
living in added poverty, so we can’t go anywhere,” she says.
The
mother of four then started to ask what their benefits would be from the
interview; for their crops lost, for the fishes lost, for the
environment and most importantly, for lives lost. The reporter assures
her the story would be told to remind the government of the need to
urgently intervene in their situation but she has heard that probably a
thousand times. Journalists and non-governmental organisations (NGOs
have thronged the area.
Despite the grievous health implications,
the villagers in Gokana, left with no choice, still return to the
contaminated water bodies to fetch water and to fish.
When
TheCable visited General Hospital, Bodo – one of the two government
hospitals in Gokana LGA, the doctors were on strike but it was gathered
that villagers only come to the place in extreme circumstances.
THERE ARE SCHOOLS BUT WHO WILL ATTEND?
The
education of children in the communities affected by the spill is also
under threat as the schools in those areas have been abandoned. “Like,
in some of those places we went, there are community schools there but
you won’t see anybody there,” Mene said. “And that is because the
villagers have left.”
Worse still, no alternative provision has
been made to ensure the children return to school because, according to
Dooh, “even if there are schools where they went, their families have
lost money so nobody is talking about their education again.”
He
adds: “The communities within this area are wallowing in abject poverty.
There is no single government project except ones like community
schools which is not in all communities and the two general hospitals
you saw while coming.”
INCREASING NEWBORN MORTALITY
Children,
especially the new born, are unfortunately among the worst hit in the
environmental disaster in the Niger Delta. Some of the villagers who
spoke to TheCable complained of how their kids have experienced unusual
sicknesses both at childbirth and while growing up.
According to a
study carried out by researchers at University of St. Gallen,
Switzerland, oil spills are capable of causing child mortality and in
cases where the children survive, their growths are usually impeded,
among other hazards. The 2017 study notes that spills may increase the
incidence of diarrhea and other infections as well as impaired fetal
development which may lead to low birth weight, usually associated with
stunting in surviving children.”
The report tagged ‘The Effect of
Oil Spills on Infant Mortality: Evidence from Nigeria,’ also noted: “Oil
spills that occur within this 10 kilometer radius increase the neonatal
mortality rate by 38 deaths per 100,000 live births. That corresponds
to an increase of 100 percent on the sample mean.
OGONI CLEAN-UP AS CAMPAIGN STRATEGY?
According
to the timetable drawn by the federal government, the clean-up is
supposed to start October. Ibrahim Jibril, minister of state for
environment, had said about 183 companies are bidding to handle the
clean-up. The villagers, however, worry this is “another campaign
strategy” as similar promises in the past never saw the light of the
day.
“Each time we are moving towards another political
transition, governments have been using the devastation in Goi community
and Ogoni at large as a way to campaign for our people to vote for them
but after we vote for them, they will deceive us,” Mene said, his voice
laden with sadness you can feel the weight of it.
“Now, they are
promising us that from now till October, they will start the clean-up
exercise. How are we sure this is not just a campaign strategy as
usual?”
With the 2019 elections barely four months away, you can’t
blame the villagers for doubting the genuineness of the planned
remediation project. Nearly every government, since the spills occurred,
have promised to take it up but look at where we are today.
GOVT SAYS IT IS DETERMINED TO START THE CLEAN-UP AS PLANNED
The government has, however, said efforts were in top gear to ensure the clean-up is successful.
After
the UNEP assessment, an initial $1bn was recommended to be used over a
period of five years for the clean-up, but the federal government says
$177 million has so far been raised.
“As I’m talking today, that
(Ogoni cleanup) account has been credited with the sum of $177m. This is
what is supposed to be given by the oil majors who are there and to pay
for the cleaning and restoration of those degraded lands,” Jibril had
said while playing host to a delegation from the British embassy in
Nigeria last month.
He had also said the balance is expected to
come from the refineries and “the president has given the directives
that the petroleum ministry should handle that issue.”
With each
passing second, the lives of the Ogoni are being threatened the more.
And like Kie said, “we want our lives back”. No doubt the time for that
is now.